SEMIOTICS

Ferdinand De Saussure (1900)

Signifier: What it looks like

Signified: What it means

Charles Pierce (1900)

Icon: Looks like what it signifies

Index: Logical relation between signifier and signified

Symbol: Arbitrary relationship between signifier and signified

(We learn the meaning of symbols)

DENOTATION: Literal or primary meaning

CONNOTATION: Secondary meanings